The environmental impact is one of important issues on restricting the exploitation of deep-sea resources. Understanding the environmental impacts and ecological responses of the exploitation of deep-sea resources are the premise of commercial mining. This study took three representative deep-sea solid mineral resources (polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, and polymetallic sulfides) as examples, analyzed the pre-exploitation occurrence environment, and environmental impacts during exploitation and post-exploitation. The results showed that: ①Different deep-sea solid mineral resources had different distribution patterns, depths, biological characteristics, and occurrence environments. Due to the changes of occurrence environment caused by mining activities, the impact duration and recovery potential of mining potential impact areas were also variable. ②The environmental impacts of polymetallic nodules mining are mainly sediment plumes, those of crust mining include three aspects: sediment disturbance, crust removal, and habitat change, and those of polymetallic sulfide mining are toxic release and habitat removal. ③The post- exploitation environmental impact monitoring analysis showed that the quantity and the species composition of benthic species had been undergone different degrees of influence. Finally, this study proposed some countermeasures and suggestions, for example, follow-up monitoring and evaluation, data enrichment, mining technology, and equipment improvement, top-level design and decision management, rule making, etc., which can be used as the reference for environmental impact assessment and rule making of deep-sea mining.